What Is LIQUICLOMI 50MG / ML | 60ML?
Clomiphene, also known as clomifene, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is a non-steroidal derivative of triphenylethylene that was first developed by Frank Palopoli in 1956. Later, it was approved by the FDA for the treatment of infertility in women in 1967. It is often prescribed off-label to treat secondary hypogonadism in men. The drug has also been shown to treat and prevent short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNCT). Furthermore, it is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency as it has been shown to boost athletic performance. At Pinnacle Peptides, liquid clomiphene for sale is exclusively available for research and experimentation.
Structure Of LIQUICLOMI 50MG / ML | 60ML
From Pubchem
IUPAC Name: 2-[4-[(Z)-2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethylethanamine
Synonyms: Zuclomiphene, Clomifene, Clomid
Molecular Formula: C26H28ClNO
Molecular Weight: 406.0 g/mol
Sequence: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly
CAS number: 15690-55-8
PubChem CID: 1548955
Mechanism Of LIQUICLOMI 50MG / ML | 60ML
Research shows that clomiphene exerts both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects depending on the estrogen levels in the body. It binds to estrogen receptors located in the hypothalamus and competitively blocks the effect of naturally occurring hormone. This, in turn, sends the signal to the hypothalamus that estrogen levels are low in the body, As a result, it stimulates increases in the secretion of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). GnRH stimulates the ovaries to release FSH and LH, ultimately inducing ovulation [1].
Pre-Clinical/Clinical Research
1. Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a disorder that causes enlargement of the body tissues and organs, such as hands and feet. It is caused by excessive production of growth hormones. Studies indicate that estrogen therapy can show positive results in women with acromegaly. On the other side, SERMs have been shown to treat this disorder in both men and women.
One study was designed to look at the effect of clomiphene citrate on serum IGF-1 and testosterone in men with uncontrolled acromegaly. Six male patients were enrolled in the study and asked to add clomid to their treatment. The researchers observed that treatment successfully enhanced testosterone levels by up to 209% and caused a reduction in IGF-1 levels by 44 %, suggesting the potential of clomiphene to treat acromegaly in men not responding to other therapies [2].
2. Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks (SUNCT) syndrome
SUNCT is a type of headache disorder characterized by sudden, severe, short-lasting and frequent attacks of pain on the one side of the head. It manifests autonomic symptoms, such as eyelid edema, conjunctivitis injection and nasal congestion. Research shows that clomiphene citrate might prevent or even treat SUNCT. A case report of a patient diagnosed with SUNCT, who was unresponsive to traditional treatment options, reported that clomiphene therapy completely resolved the frequent attacks [3].
3. Infertility
Clomiphene is utilized to induce ovulation in women experiencing irregular ovulation due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or anovulation. It may be prescribed alone or in combination with metformin or other insulin sensitizers.
A comparative study investigated the effectiveness of clomiphene and metformin in women with PCOS. The study involved 626 infertile women with PCOS who were randomly assigned to receive either clomiphene, metformin, or a combination of both. The findings revealed live birth rates of 22.5%, 7.5%, and 26.8% in the clomiphene, metformin, and combination therapy groups, respectively. The study concluded that clomiphene demonstrated superior efficacy compared to metformin [4].
Many patients with PCOS develop resistance to the use of clomiphene citrate. The combination of letrozole and metformin has been shown to be effective for such candidates [5]. Research suggests that letrozole is associated with higher live birth rates and improved ovulation outcomes compared to clomiphene [6]. Additionally, clomiphene has been shown to improve male infertility. Studies indicate that it can enhance sperm production and motility, serving as a safe therapy to improve sperm parameters in infertile men [7].
4. Secondary Hypogonadism
Secondary hypogonadism is a condition in which the testes receive inadequate stimulation from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. These results in the reduced production of sex hormones and the appearance of symptoms, such as muscle weakness, low libido and erectile dysfunction.
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is used for the treatment of secondary hypogonadism. However, it causes an increase in hematocrit levels and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), limiting its long-term utilization. On the other hand, clomifene has been shown to treat secondary hypogonadism. It stimulates the release of GnRH [8]. One study found that clomiphene can improve testosterone levels by 53.2% as compared to TRT (46.8%) [9].
Summary
Clomiphene belongs to the selective estrogen receptor modulators. It has been used for ovulation induction in women who are unable to ovulate regularly. Research shows that it can also improve male infertility, and treat hypogonadism and acromegaly. Furthermore, one case report found that it might resolve frequent headache attacks associated with SUNCT. However, we need more research to confirm this effect. At Pinnacle Peptides, liquid clomid purchase is solely available for research and educational institutions. Only buy clomiphene if you are a licensed researcher.
References
- Mbi Feh MK, Wadhwa R. Clomiphene. [Updated 2022 Jun 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-.
- Duarte, F.H., R.S. Jallad, and M.D. Bronstein, Clomiphene citrate for treatment of acromegaly not controlled by conventional therapies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015. 100(5): p. 1863-9.
- Rozen, T.D., et al., Clomiphene citrate as a new treatment for SUNCT: hormonal manipulation for hypothalamic-influenced trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Headache, 2005. 45(6): p. 754-6.
- Legro, R.S., et al., Clomiphene, Metformin, or Both for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 2007. 356(6): p. 551-566.
- Sohrabvand, F., S. Ansari, and M. Bagheri, Efficacy of combined metformin–letrozole in comparison with metformin–clomiphene citrate in clomiphene-resistant infertile women with polycystic ovarian disease. Human Reproduction, 2006. 21(6): p. 1432-1435.
- Legro, R.S., et al., Letrozole versus Clomiphene for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 2014. 371(2): p. 119-129.
- Huijben, M., et al., Clomiphene citrate for male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 2023. 11(6): p. 987-996.
- Huijben, M., et al., Clomiphene citrate for men with hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 2022. 10(3): p. 451-469.
- Garcia-Touza, M., Safety and Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate in the Treatment of Secondary Hypogonadism. A Retrospective Study. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2021. 5(Supplement_1): p. A761-A761.
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